The hypothalamus is a part of the brain that sits right below the thalamus. In addition, it is also related to consciousness, memory, and sleep. The thalamus is a relay station for signals received by the human body from the outside to enter the brain. The thalamus is a small mass of grey matter that relays sensory information from the spinal cord, brainstem, and other parts of the brain to the cerebral cortex. Since it plays a significant role in controlling our emotions and forming our memories, it is often called our “emotional brain” or ‘childish brain.’ It contains the thalamus, hypothalamus, hippocampus, and amygdala. The limbic system is a complex brain structure that lies deep in the cerebrum. The prominent role of the medulla oblongata is regulating involuntary (autonomic) functions, including breathing, digestion, sneezing, swallowing, and heart rate. The medulla is a cone-shaped structure located in front of the cerebellum. The pons also helps regulate sleep cycles, breathing patterns, respiration, and reflexes.
In addition, the brain stem coordinates the fine movement of the face and limbs. Brain stem works together to regulate essential life functions, including body temperature, breathing, heartbeat, and blood pressure. The brain stem is the posterior part of the brain that connects the brain with the spinal cord. The function of the cerebellum also includes maintaining posture, equilibrium, body balance, and even speech. It can help coordinate the movement of body muscles, especially the fine movement of hands and feet. Just like the cerebrum, the cerebellum has two equal hemispheres and a wrinkly surface.Īlthough the cerebellum is small, it contains numerous neurons. It sits just below the occipital lobes and on top of the pons. The cerebellum, also known as the little brain, is located in the back of the brain. This lobe also helps you understand oral language, general process knowledge and stores your verbal and visual memory. For example, your temporal lobe allows you to focus on one voice at a loud party. Your temporal lobe sits close to your ears and is associated with interpreting and translating auditory stimuli. It also controls our ability to interprets body language like facial expressions, gestures, and body postures. This lobe is responsible for our visual awareness, including visual attention, optical recognition, and spatial awareness. The occipital lobe is located at the rear of our brain. The parietal lobe also relays sensory information from different parts of the body, helps us process and learn a language, and maintains the body’s positioning and movement. This lobe manages our complex behaviors, including the 5 senses: touch, vision, and spatial awareness. The parietal lobe lies at the upper rear of our brain. The frontal lobe rests just below the forehead and controls our reasoning, organizing, our ability to speak, solve problems, pay attention, and our emotions. While the left hemisphere (logical side) controls language and speech, the right hemisphere (creative side) is responsible for translating visual information.Īccording to the function, the cerebrum is further divided into 4 different lobes: frontal lobes, parietal lobes, temporal lobes, and occipital lobes. It can also be divided into 2 parts: the left hemisphere and the right hemisphere.Īlthough the hemispheres look identical, the left and right hemispheres have particular functions. It has a rough surface (cerebral cortex) with gyri and sulci. The cerebrum is the largest part of the human brain. The brain is made up of 3 essential parts: Cerebrum, Cerebellum, and Brainstem. Parts of the Brain: Structures and Their Functions
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